Subject: network steganography; medical informatics; HIS; PACS; CT scanners; MRI scanners; ultrasound
Year: 2022
Type: Article
Title: Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection
Author: Mileva, Aleksandra
Author: Velinov, Aleksandar
Author: Dimitrova, Vesna
Author: Caviglione, Luca
Author: Wendzel, Steffen
Abstract: The DICOM (Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine) standard provides a framework for a diagnostically-accurate representation, processing, transfer, storage and display of medical imaging data. Information hiding in DICOM is currently limited to the application of digital media steganography and watermarking techniques on the media parts of DICOM files, as well as text steganographic techniques for embedding information in metadata of DICOM files. To improve the overall security of the DICOM standard, we investigate its susceptibility to network steganographic techniques. To this aim, we develop several network covert channels that can be created by using a specific transport mechanism – the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service. The bandwidth, undetectability and robustness of the proposed covert channels are evaluated, and potential countermeasures are suggested. Moreover, a detection mechanism leveraging entropy-based metrics is introduced and its performance has been assessed.
Publisher: MDPI
Relation: Entropy
Identifier: oai:repository.ukim.mk:20.500.12188/23889
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/23889
